A Harvard Business Review article by Anita Elberse, associate professor at Harvard Business School, says:
The long-tail theory increasingly influences the development and appraisal of business models, particularly in the media and entertainment sector.
It is undeniable that online commerce has significantly broadened customers’ access to products of all varieties, including the most obscure. However, my findings suggest that it would be imprudent for companies to upend traditional practice and focus on the demand for obscure products. The data show how difficult it is to profit from the tail. What, then, are the implications of my research for practice? I have four recommendations for producers of media and entertainment goods, and four for online retailers or content aggregators seeking to profit from long-tail demand.
While Elberse derives her conclusions based on her research with music products rather than books, her recommendations are applicable to publishers. She advices:
- Don’t radically alter blockbuster resource-allocation or product-portfolio management strategies. A few winners will still go a long way—probably even further than before.
- When producing niche goods for the tail end of the distribution, keep costs as low as possible. Your odds of success aren’t favorable here either, and they will probably become less so.
- When trying to strengthen your presence in digital channels, focus on marketing your most popular products.
- Leverage your scale to improve online exposure and demand for products across your product portfolio. Again, hit products play a key role here.
For those who wish to pursue a long-tail strategy, she recommends:
- If the goal is to cater to your heavy customers [i.e., those who buy lesser-known products "in the tail"], broaden your assortment with more niche products.
- Strictly manage the costs of offering products that will rarely sell. If possible, use online networks to construct creative models in which you incur no costs unless the customer actually initiates a transaction.
- Acquire and manage customers by using your most popular products.
- Even though obscure products may have a higher profit margin, resist the temptation to direct customers to the tail too often, or you’ll risk their dissatisfaction.
Chris Anderson, author of The Long Tail, offers a response to her work, and Elbert critiques his response. To read the article and responses, click here... and decide for yourself which strategy is most viable for your publishing house.